Leaching and degradation kinetics of glucosinolates during boiling of Brassica oleracea vegetables and the formation of their breakdown products

Abstract

Domestic processing methods, such as boiling, significantly affect the glucosinolate content and the formation of breakdown products in Brassica vegetables. Here, we comprehensively describe the effect of aqueous heat treatment on the degradation and leaching kinetics of glucosinolates on the formation of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic hydrolysis and breakdown products. The results were correlated with the inactivation kinetics of myrosinase and epithiospecifier protein activity in the Brassica oleracea vegetables kohlrabi, white cabbage, and red cabbage. Short-term heating increased isothiocyanate formation due to inactivation of the epithiospecifier protein. Myrosinase was inactivated shortly after that. Boiling led to leaching of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products into the boiling water. Heating to 99 °C resulted in thermally-induced glucosinolate breakdown and nitrile formation, both in vegetables and boiling water. Finally, kinetic modeling not only revealed differences in myrosinase inactivation among the vegetables, but also glucosinolate leaching and degradation kinetics differed between individual glucosinolates and vegetables.

Keywords: 1-Cyano-2,3-epithiopropane (PubChem CID: 148821); 1-Cyano-3,4-epithiobutane (PubChem CID: 100582); 3-Butenenitrile (PubChem CID: 8009); 3-Butenyl isothiocyanate (PubChem CID: 76922); 4-Methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate (PubChem CID: 78160); 4-Pentenenitrile (PubChem CID:11604); Allyl isothiocyanate (PubChem CID: 5971); Brassica; Epithionitriles; Epithiospecifier protein; Glucoerucin (PubChem CID: 656539); Gluconapin (PubChem CID: 20843338); Glucosinolates; Isothiocyanates; Modeling; Nitriles; Processing; Sinigrin (PubChem CID: 23682211).