Objective: Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obesity are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and according to current estimates, the global burden of these conditions will be even greater. The basis for COPD treatment is bronchodilator therapy and non-pharmacotherapy approaches, such as respiratory rehabilitation and dietary counseling. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lifestyle modification on anthropometric indices, markers of systemic inflammation, quality of life in patients with COPD and obesity.
Patients and methods: Materials and methods: 53 patients with COPD in stable condition with BMI - 30.0-39.9 kg/m2 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the first group - obese COPD patients with lifestyle modification (n=26) and the second group (n=27) -without lifestyle modification. Lifestyle modification involved: nutritional correction and regular physical exercise. The duration of the study was 9 months. We evaluated body mass indices (BMI), waist circumference (WC), actual nutrition, dyspnea by the mMRC scale, quality of life (QL), 6-minute walking distance test (6MWD), spirometry, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and sputum level of interleukin-26 (IL-26).
Results: Results: After 9 months in obese COPD patients with lifestyle modification we found a decrease in body weight and BMI by 1.16 times (p <0.0001), WC by 1.07 times (p<0.0001), the basal metabolic rate by 1.07 times (p=0.02), the actual energy value of consumed food per work day and weekend by 1.19 times and 1.23 times, respectively (p<0.0001), the level of dyspnea by 1.42 times (p <0.0001), systemic inflammation markers decreased - serum CRP by 2.06 times (p < 0.0001), IL-26 level in the induced sputum by 1.65 times (p <0.0001); increased the walked distance by 9.38% (p = 0.0004) and QL (p <0.0001).
Conclusion: Conclusions: Application of individually developed therapeutic measures incorporating the nutrition correction, taking into account the indicators of the basic metabolism in patients and regular physical activity against the background of inhaled basic therapy, allows us to the reduction of WC, BMI, activity of the inflammatory process, increase tolerance to physical activity and improvement of life quality.
Keywords: nutrition correction; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; obesity; regular physical activity.