Radical prostatectomy in T4 prostate cancer after inductive androgen deprivation: results of a single-institution series with long-term follow-up

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the outcomes of complete surgical resection of T4 prostate cancer after inductive androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), as inductive ADT and subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP) is not recommended by any guideline yet.

Patients and methods: A monocentric RP database was queried for patients initially diagnosed with T4 prostate cancer, considered primarily as inoperable because of a fixed mass defined by rectal examination in combination with high PSA level and/or large foci of biopsy confirmed undifferentiated prostate cancer. Treatment consisted of primary ADT until PSA nadir with consecutive RP. Patients underwent retropubic RP (RRP) or robot-assisted laparoscopic RP (RALP) after inductive ADT until achievement of the PSA nadir, which is in general reached after 6-7 months. The intraoperative course and complications were analysed. Finally, Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS).

Results: We retrospectively identified 116 patients treated between 2000 and 2014. At diagnosis, the median (range) PSA level was 37.6 (2.44-284) ng/mL. The preoperative median (range) PSA after inductive ADT was 0.73 (0.01-34) ng/mL. Thereafter, patients underwent RRP or, since 2006, RALP. The median (95% confidence interval) OS was 156 (118.9-193.1) months. The PCSS at 150 months was 82%.

Conclusions: Surgical therapy of primarily inoperable prostate cancer is feasible and safe after inductive ADT. The OS of this cohort seems comparable with results described for patients with primary operable high-risk prostate cancer.

Keywords: #ProstateCancer; #pcsm; inductive androgen deprivation; inoperable high-risk prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen nadir; radical prostatectomy.