Perovskite SrTiO3 nanofibers were successfully fabricated using a facile electrospinning method followed by calcination in air. The structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic performance of the one-dimensional SrTiO3 nanofibers were determined through X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and degradation of organic dye under light irradiation. The nanofibrous SrTiO3 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity after photodeposition of Ag on its surface to degrade methylene orange dye. The nanofibrous structure of Ag-deposited SrTiO3 was well preserved after photocatalytic degradation, revealing that the electrospun SrTiO3 nanofiber exhibited high stability. The improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the extension of the visible light absorption edge and efficient charge separation on the Ag-deposited SrTiO3 nanofibers.