Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of asymptomatic stones ≤4 mm that are left in situ during renal transplantation (RT).
Materials and methods: Between 2009 and 2017, 31 patients who received stone-bearing (≤4 mm) kidneys were analyzed. At their last follow-up, the patients were evaluated with computerized tomography (CT) imaging and the results were compared to the initial CT findings obtained during donor evaluation.
Results: The mean stone size was 2.9 mm (range 1-4.3). The mean follow-up period after RT was 43.1 months (range 12-97). According to the CT findings of the last follow-up, the stone had passed spontaneously in 26 patients (83.9%). Three patients (9.6%) with a stone size of 4 mm required surgical intervention because the stone became symptomatic within the first year after transplantation. In the remaining 2 patients (6.4%), the stone remained in situ, without a change in its size. In terms of spontaneous passage rate, there was no significant difference between lower and midupper pole stones (P = .948). De novo stone formation was observed in 2 patients (6.4%).
Conclusion: Asymptomatic stones <4 mm that are detected on donor evaluation may safely be left in situ during RT. Regardless of their localization in the kidney, these stones have high spontaneous passage rates after RT, and the long-term recurrence rates are also considerably low.
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