Cyclodextrin- and dendrimer-conjugated graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for the delivery of selected chemotherapeutic and photosensitizing agents

Ampornphan Siriviriyanun; Ya-Ju Tsai; Siew Hui Voon; Siaw Fui Kiew; Toyoko Imae; Lik Voon Kiew; Chung Yeng Looi; Won Fen Wong; Hong Boon Lee; Lip Yong Chung

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.020

Cyclodextrin- and dendrimer-conjugated graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for the delivery of selected chemotherapeutic and photosensitizing agents

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2018 Aug 1:89:307-315. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 Apr 12.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC.
² Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC.
³ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁵ Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: imae@mail.ntust.edu.tw.
⁶ Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁷ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: chungly@um.edu.my.

PMID: 29752102
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.020

Abstract

In this study, nanohybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide (GO), β‑cyclodextrin (CD) and poly(amido amine) dendrimer (DEN) were successfully prepared by covalent bonding. GO-CD and GO-CD-DEN were found to be potential nanocarriers for anticancer drugs including chemotherapeutics (doxorubicin (DOX), camptothecin (CPT)) and photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)). GO-CD possessed 1.2 times higher DOX-loading capacity than GO due to inclusion of additional DOX to the CD. The drug loading on GO-CD-DEN increased in the order: DOX < PpIX < CPT. Enhanced cytotoxicity of DOX and CPT and also the photocytotoxicity of PpIX were observed when the drugs were loaded in GO-CD and GO-CD-DEN. Functionalization of GO with CD and CD-DEN increased the uptake in cancer cells, and both GO-CD and GO-CD-DEN nanohybrids remained in the cytoplasm and were not uptaken into the nucleus, as shown in the flow cytometry and high-content screening study.

Keywords: Cyclodextrin; Dendrimer; Drug delivery; Graphene oxide; Nanoparticle; Photosensitizer.

MeSH terms

Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
Antineoplastic Agents / metabolism
Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
Camptothecin / chemistry
Camptothecin / metabolism
Camptothecin / pharmacology
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Survival / drug effects
Cyclodextrins / chemistry*
Dendrimers / chemistry*
Doxorubicin / chemistry
Doxorubicin / metabolism
Doxorubicin / pharmacology
Drug Carriers / chemistry*
Drug Liberation
Graphite / chemistry*
Humans
Light
Microscopy, Atomic Force
Oxides / chemistry
Photosensitizing Agents / chemistry*
Photosensitizing Agents / metabolism
Photosensitizing Agents / pharmacology
Protoporphyrins / chemistry
Protoporphyrins / metabolism
Protoporphyrins / pharmacology

Substances

Antineoplastic Agents
Cyclodextrins
Dendrimers
Drug Carriers
Oxides
Photosensitizing Agents
Protoporphyrins
Graphite
Doxorubicin
protoporphyrin IX
Camptothecin