Objective: To investigate the relationship between epidurographic contrast dispersal patterns and both immediate and short-term clinical effectiveness of lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) in patients with radicular back pain.
Methods: A digital database of 64 patients who underwent single-level lumbar TFESI for unilateral lumbar radicular pain was scanned. The type of contrast pattern was analyzed by 1 physiatrist and defined as follows: type 1 (tubular appearance), type 2 (nerve root visible as a filling defect), or type 3 (cloud-like appearance). Pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) and recorded before injection and 2 days, 2 weeks, and 3 months after injection.
Results: The mean age was 45.9 ± 13.5 years (range, 22-80 years), and the mean duration of symptoms was 5.7 ± 4.2 months. Contrast distribution patterns were as follows: type 1 in 33 patients (51.6%), type 2 in 18 patients (28.1%), and type 3 in 13 patients (20.3%). Mean decrease in VAS scores at all time points was statistically significant in 3 types of contrast dispersal patterns (P < 0.05). Differences in improvements of VAS scores obtained at any assessment period and success rates were not statistically significant between groups. However, the ratio of patients who achieved 50% or greater reduction in pain scores was higher in type 1 and type 2 than type 3 at each follow-up point.
Conclusions: TFSEIs have a beneficial effect in managing lumbar radicular pain regardless of contrast pattern type. Success rates were higher in type 1 and type 2 than type 3.
Keywords: Fluoroscopy; Injection, epidural; Lumbosacral region; Pain.
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