To provide theoretical basis for the water-saving, high-yield and good quality cultivation techniques of drip-irrigated winter wheat, the wheat cultivar 'Xindong 22' was adopted as the test material, and five irrigation amounts including 3150 (W1), 3900 (W2), 4650 (W3), 5400 (W4) and 0 (CK) m3·hm-2 were adopted to investigate effects of drip irrigation amount on grain filling dynamics and quality traits in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 wheat growing seasons in Xinjiang. Results indicated that the grain-filling dynamics of drip-irrigated winter wheat in different treatments presented the "S" shape curve, and accorded with the Logistic model with high fitting degree. The fast increase period of wheat grain-filling was measured at 12-20 days after anthesis. The maximum filling rate (Vm) increased at first and decreased later with the increase of drip irrigation amount, and was obtained in the treatment W3 in the two seasons, which was 2.16 g·d -1and 2.59 g·d -1, respectively. With the increase in drip irrigation amount, the bulk mass, protein content, flour extraction rate, wet gluten content, dough stability time, degree of softening, dough extension resis-tance and draw ratio of the drip-irrigated wheat firstly increased and decreased later, and the maxima of these indexes were measured in W3. However, the water absorption rate and extensibility of dough initially decreased and then increased, and the minimum was obtained in the treatment of W3. The sedimentation value increased gradually and the dough development time decreased progressively. Treatment W3 had the highest grain yield of 8913 kg·hm-2 in 2013 and 8602 kg·hm-2 in 2014, which was 25.0%, 14.8%, 4.4%, 35.6% and 12.4%, 2.8%, 1.1%, 33.0% higher than the treatments of W1, W2, W4 and CK in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In conclusion, drip irrigation of 4650 m3·hm-2 during the whole growing season of winter wheat could realize the target of high-yield and good quality in local natural condition.
为给滴灌冬小麦节水高产优质栽培提供科学依据,于2012—2013和2013—2014年连续两个冬小麦生长季,以‘新冬22号’为试验材料,在大田滴灌条件下,设置了灌水量为3150、3900、4650、5400和0 m3·hm-2共5个处理(分别用W1、W2、W3、W4和CK表示),研究了不同滴灌量对冬小麦籽粒灌浆及品质性状的影响.结果表明: 不同处理滴灌冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性呈“S”型变化曲线,均符合Logistic生长函数模型,且拟合度较高;籽粒灌浆快增期出现在花后12~20 d,最大灌浆速率(Vm)随滴灌量的增加呈“先增后降”的变化趋势,且两年均以W3处理最大,分别为2.16和2.59 g·d-1.随着滴灌量的增加,籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、出粉率、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间、弱化度及面团拉伸阻力和拉伸比均呈“先增后降”的变化趋势,均在W3处理下达到最高;而面团吸水率和延伸度则呈“先降后增”的变化趋势,在W3处理最低;沉降值逐渐增大,面团形成时间逐渐变短;籽粒产量均以W3处理最高,为8913(2013年)和8602 kg·hm-2(2014年),分别较同年W1、W2、W4、CK高25.0%、14.8%、4.4%、35.6%和12.4%、2.8%、1.1%、33.0%.综上,在本试验条件下冬小麦滴灌量在4650 m3·hm-2时可达到高产和优质的统一.
Keywords: drip irrigation amount; grain filling properties; quality; winter wheat; yield.