Idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the optic nerve. The two most common types of ON are multiple sclerosis related ON and neuromyelitis optica related ON. But so far the precise mechanisms of different types of ON have been unclear and treatments are not satisfactory. Animal disease models play critical roles in the disease mechanism research. On the other hand, with more understanding about the etiology and mechanism of ON, new models mimicking different types of ON are under development. This article reviews the recent research progression of animal models of multiple sclerosis related ON and neuromyelitis optica related ON and the model evaluation methods. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 316-320).
特发性视神经炎（ON）是发生在视神经的特发性炎性反应疾病，以多发性硬化相关视神经炎（MS-ON）和视神经脊髓炎相关视神经炎（NMO-ON）最为常见。由于ON发病机制不明，目前尚无确切有效的治疗措施。动物模型对研究疾病的发病机制具有重要作用，而随着对ON病因和发病机制的了解，新的ON动物模型正在研发中。本文总结和分析MS-ON和NMO-ON动物模型的研究进展，并简述ON动物模型的形态和功能评价指标的发展，以期为临床相关工作提供参考。（中华眼科杂志，2018，54：316-320）.
Keywords: Disease models,animal; Multiple sclerosis; Neuromyelitis optica; Optic neuritis.