Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing is a novel engineering technique by which the cells and support materials can be manufactured to a complex 3D structure. Compared with other 3D printing methods, 3D bio-printing should pay more attention to the biocompatible environment of the printing methods and the materials. Aimed at studying the feature of the 3D bio-printing, this paper mainly focuses on the current research state of 3D bio-printing, with the techniques and materials of the bio-printing especially emphasized. To introduce current printing methods, the inkjet method, extrusion method, stereolithography skill and laser-assisted technique are described. The printing precision, process, requirements and influence of all the techniques on cell status are compared. For introduction of the printing materials, the cross-link, biocompatibility and applications of common bio-printing materials are reviewed and compared. Most of the 3D bio-printing studies are being remained at the experimental stage up to now, so the review of 3D bio-printing could improve this technique for practical use, and it could also contribute to the further development of 3D bio-printing.
生物细胞三维（3D）打印是一种新型的制造技术，通过该技术可以将细胞以及细胞支撑材料打印成复杂的具有 3D 结构与功能的组织。与其他 3D 打印技术相比，生物细胞 3D 打印需要对打印过程以及打印材料的生物环境进行研究。针对生物细胞 3D 打印的特点，本文主要讨论了生物细胞 3D 打印技术的发展现状，重点从打印技术与打印材料两个方面展开介绍。其中，针对现有打印技术，本文重点介绍了喷墨法、挤出沉积法、光固化成型法以及激光辅助法的精度、制备过程、材料要求以及对细胞状态影响，并在此基础上比较了各自的优势和局限性；针对常用的打印材料，本文重点介绍并对比了其交联方式、生物相容性以及应用场合等。生物细胞 3D 打印技术目前仍主要在实验室发展阶段，对现阶段生物 3D 打印技术原理与发展进行回顾总结不仅有助于思考如何将这一技术尽快投入实用，也有助于更好地规划生物 3D 打印的未来发展方向。.
Keywords: biocompatibility; biomaterials; three-dimensional bio-printing.