Introduction: The benefit of surfactant prescription for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been approved. Curosurf and Survanta are two commonly used natural surfactants in Iran. Previous studies did not report priority for one of these two drugs. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of Curosurf and Survanta in treatment of RDS.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, neonates were born with RDS diagnosis in two governmental and referral hospitals of Tehran (the capital of Iran) in 2014 were randomly selected. Neonates were randomly assigned into two groups receiving 100 mg/kg Curosurf or Survanta as soon as possible after randomization. Complications, mortality and needing the second dose were compared between the two groups.
Results: A total 112 patients with the mean gestational age of 32.59 ± 3.39 weeks were evaluated (56 patients in each group). There were no significant differences regarding birth weight, gestational age, delivery method, and parity between the two groups (P > 0.05). The complications were occurred in 18 neonates (32.1%) of Curosurf group and 20 neonates (35.7%) of Survanta group (RR = 0.922, 95% CI = 0.617-1.379). There were no significant differences regarding complications, mortality, and needing nasal CPAP and endotracheal tube between the two groups. In the neonates with gestational age of 29-32 weeks the IVH and NEC incidence were significantly more in Curosurf group compared to Survanta group (27.8% vs 0% and 22.3% vs 0%, P < 0.05).
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in complications or mortality between those two groups; however Curosurf was associated with less need of ET tube (in >32 birth weeks subgroup) and NCPAP (in 29-32 birth weeks subgroup) (p = 0.008). Further evaluations with longer follow-up duration are needed for comparing these two surfactants.
Keywords: Beractant; Complications; Poractant alfa; Respiratory distress syndrome; Treatment outcome.