[Social support and marginalization as determinants of prenatal care in women with social security in Mexico]

Gac Med Mex. 2018;154(2):180-184. doi: 10.24875/GMM.18002555.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Prenatal care ensures favorable results for maternal-fetal health and, to that end, it must be provided early, periodically, comprehensively and with high coverage.

Objective: To find out the social determinants of prenatal care in women affiliated to the Mexican Institute of Social Security during 2014.

Method: Cross-sectional study where the association of social conditions, social support and family functioning with inadequate prenatal care was analyzed. A descriptive analysis was performed; hypothesis tests were used with chi-square (95% level of confidence). The prevalence ratio and Mann-Whitney's U-test were estimated to compare medians and logistic regression.

Results: Of the interviewed women, 58.1% had inadequate prenatal care, mainly associated with unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, low level of education and higher marginalization. Not having leaves of absence granted by employers was the main barrier in those women who did not attend health services.

Conclusions: There is a need for strategies to be designed and implemented to enable understanding the interaction between different biological and social dimensions of the health-disease process and reduce health inequities that affect pregnant women, in order to achieve good prenatal care and to implement alternative models guaranteeing its efficiency.

Introducción: La atención prenatal garantiza resultados favorables para la salud materno-fetal, para ello es necesario que se realice de forma precoz, periódica, completa y con alta cobertura.

Objetivo: Conocer los determinantes sociales para la atención prenatal en mujeres derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social durante 2014.

Método: Estudio transversal en el que se analizó la asociación de condiciones sociales, apoyo social y funcionalidad familiar con atención prenatal inadecuada. Se realizó análisis descriptivo; se utilizaron pruebas de hipótesis con chi cuadrada (nivel de confianza de 95 %). Se estimó la razón de prevalencias y U de Mann-Whitney para comparar medianas y regresión logística.

Resultados: De las mujeres entrevistadas, 58.1 % presentó atención prenatal inadecuada, asociada principalmente con no planificación del embarazo, bajo apoyo social, menor nivel educativo y mayor marginalidad. No contar con el permiso laboral fue la principal barrera en las mujeres que no acudieron a los servicios de salud.

Conclusión: Es necesario diseñar e implementar estrategias que permitan conocer la interacción entre las distintas dimensiones biológicas y sociales del proceso salud-enfermedad y disminuir las inequidades en salud que afectan a las mujeres embarazadas, para lograr buena atención prenatal y modelos alternativos que garanticen su eficiencia.

Keywords: Atención prenatal; Determinantes sociales de la salud; Embarazo; Maternal-child health services; Pregnancy; Prenatal care; Servicios de salud materno-infantil; Social determinants of health.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mexico
  • Prenatal Care / statistics & numerical data*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Social Determinants of Health*
  • Social Marginalization*
  • Social Security*
  • Social Support*