The phenomenon of jump is one of the importantly external forms of hydrological variabi-lity under environmental changes, representing the adaption of hydrological nonlinear systems to the influence of external disturbances. Presently, the related studies mainly focus on the methods for identifying the jump positions and jump times in hydrological time series. In contrast, few studies have focused on the quantitative description and classification of jump degree in hydrological time series, which make it difficult to understand the environmental changes and evaluate its potential impacts. Here, we proposed a theatrically reliable and easy-to-apply method for the classification of jump degree in hydrological time series, using the correlation coefficient as a basic index. The statistical tests verified the accuracy, reasonability, and applicability of this method. The relationship between the correlation coefficient and the jump degree of series were described using mathematical equation by derivation. After that, several thresholds of correlation coefficients under different statistical significance levels were chosen, based on which the jump degree could be classified into five levels: no, weak, moderate, strong and very strong. Finally, our method was applied to five diffe-rent observed hydrological time series, with diverse geographic and hydrological conditions in China. The results of the classification of jump degrees in those series were closely accorded with their physically hydrological mechanisms, indicating the practicability of our method.
跳跃变异是环境变化影响下水文过程发生急剧变化的一种重要表现形式,体现了水文非线性系统对外界干扰的响应.目前研究主要是对序列跳跃变异发生的时间、次数等进行识别和检验,但缺乏对其变异程度进行定量描述和分级,给开展流域环境变化研究及其影响评价带来很大困难.本文选取相关系数作为基础指标,提出了一种理论严密且便于应用的水文序列跳跃变异分级方法,并利用统计试验验证了文中方法对变异点显著性的检验精度,以及跳跃变异分级原理的合理性和分级方法的可靠性.经推导相关系数与跳跃变异相对幅度的关系,选取不同显著水平下的若干典型相关系数值作为分级阈值,将跳跃变异程度划分为无变异、弱变异、中变异、强变异、巨变异5个等级.通过应用于分析我国不同气候区的5个实测水文序列,结合物理成因分析验证了该方法的实用性.
Keywords: environmental change; hydrological process; jump; significance level.