Influence of sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water pretreatment on the physicochemical properties and enzymatic digestibility of bamboo residues

Abstract

SO₂-ethanol-water (SEW) is a promising pretreatment for improving enzymatic digestibility of biomass through simultaneously removing hemicellulose and lignin. In this work, SEW pretreatment was performed at different cooking times (10 min-60 min) and different SO₂ concentrations (0.5%-2%) to produce pretreated bamboo residues for enzymatic hydrolysis. Meanwhile, physicochemical features of the residual cellulose and lignin were analyzed to better understand how SEW improves enzymatic digestibility. Under optimized SEW pretreatment condition (1% SO₂ concentration, 150 °C, 60 min), 81.7% of xylan and 80.3% of lignin were solubilized, along with 89.1% of cellulose preserved in pretreated solid. A good enzymatic digestibility (80.4%) was achieved at optimum SEW condition. Several compelling correlations (R² > 0.7) were observable between enzymatic digestibility and physicochemical features, demonstrating the importance of SEW pretreatment abilities of hemicellulose and lignin removal, reducing cellulose's degree of polymerization, and improving the amount of sulfonyl groups imparted to the original lignin structure.

Keywords: Bamboo residues; Cellulose polymerization degree; Enzymatic digestibility; Lignin sulfonation; Sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water pretreatment.