Botanical-chemical formulations enhanced yield and protection against Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat by inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins

PLoS One. 2018 Apr 30;13(4):e0196194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196194. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Two experiments (pot and field experiments) were conducted in two consecutive years to evaluate the protective effects of botanical-chemical formulations on physiological, biochemical performance and grain yield of wheat inoculated with Bipolaris sorokiniana. We compared different formulations comprising Calotropis procera, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Thevetia peruviana extracts, chemical fungicide (mefenoxam) and salicylic acid to modulate the defense system of wheat host plants. Among the selected plant species J. mimosifolia aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts (1.2% w/v) resulted in 96 to 97% inhibition against B. sorokiniana. Both in pot and field experiments, among all the formulations of selected plant extracts the combined formulation of JAF2 (J. mimosifolia 0.6%)+MFF2 (mefenoxam 0.1%) lowered the dose of chemical fungicide required to reduce the leaf spot blotch disease. The same formulation induced resistance in wheat apparently through the accumulation of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, protease, acid invertase, chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. This formulation also stimulated the defense-related gene expression of PR-proteins. The same treatment gave even more increase (48%, 12% and 22%) in no. of grains/spike, grains weight and grain yield, than the MFF1 (mefenoxam 0.2%). We conclude that foliar application of J. mimosifolia leaf extract with very low dose of chemical fungicide (J. mimosifolia 0.6%+mefenoxam 0.1%) is a promising approach for the management of leaf blight and spot blotch in wheat.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ascomycota / physiology*
  • Fungicides, Industrial / pharmacology*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant*
  • Plant Diseases / microbiology
  • Plant Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
  • Plant Proteins / genetics
  • Plant Proteins / metabolism*
  • Thevetia / chemistry
  • Triticum / growth & development*
  • Triticum / metabolism
  • Triticum / microbiology

Substances

  • Fungicides, Industrial
  • Plant Extracts
  • Plant Proteins
  • pathogenesis-related proteins, plant

Grants and funding

The authors express their deep sense of gratitude to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for financial support for this research work. The personal identification number (PIN) for this financial support/scholarship from HEC is 074-0998-Av4-036. http://hec.gov.pk/english/pages/home.aspx.