White adipose tissue can metabolize large amounts of glucose to glycerol and lactate. We quantitatively traced glucose label to lactate, glycerol and fats in primary cultures of mature rat epididymal adipocytes. Cells were incubated with 7/14 mM 14C-glucose for 24/48 h. Medium metabolites and the label in them and in cells' components were measured. Gene expression analysis was done using parallel incubations. Glucose concentration did not affect lactate efflux and most parameters. Glycerol efflux increased after 24 h, coinciding with arrested lipogenesis. Steady production of lactate was maintained in parallel to glycerogenesis. Changes in adipocyte metabolism were paralleled by gene expression. Glucose use for lipogenesis was minimal, and stopped (24 h-onwards) when glycerol efflux increased because of triacylglycerol turnover. Lactate steady efflux showed that anaerobic glycolysis was the main adipocyte source of energy. We can assume that adipose tissue may play a quantitatively significant effect on glycaemia, returning 3C fragments thus minimizing lipogenesis.
Keywords: Adipose tissue; adipocyte; anaerobic glycolysis; glycerol; lactate; lipogenesis.