Externalizing depression symptoms among Canadian males with recent suicidal ideation: A focus on young men

Early Interv Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;13(2):308-313. doi: 10.1111/eip.12667. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Abstract

Aim: The primary aim was to quantify, relative to older men, young men's externalizing of depression symptoms and past-month suicidal ideation.

Methods: A non-probability national sample of 1000 Canadian men self-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms of depression and past-month suicidal ideation. Stratification quotas reflected Canadian census data to age and region.

Results: Young men (18-25 years) were at markedly higher risk of past-month suicidal ideation than were older men. When controlling for internalizing depression, a multivariate age × recent suicidal ideation interaction indicated higher externalizing of depression symptoms in young men relative to older men, especially for those reporting recent suicidal ideation (P < .001). Interactions were observed for drug use, anger and aggression, and risk-taking domains. A sizable proportion of younger men were uniquely identified by the MDRS-22.

Conclusions: Screening tools that include assessment of externalizing symptoms may assist in improving detection of distress and suicide risk in young men.

Keywords: depression; gender; masculinity; suicide; young men.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Canada
  • Depressive Disorder / diagnosis
  • Depressive Disorder / psychology*
  • Humans
  • Internal-External Control*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / statistics & numerical data
  • Psychometrics
  • Risk Factors
  • Self Report
  • Self-Injurious Behavior
  • Substance-Related Disorders
  • Suicidal Ideation*
  • Violence
  • Young Adult