The majority of l-cysteine is obtained industrially by hydrolysis of animal materials, such as poultry feathers. Despite widespread belief, there is little evidence that human hair is used as a source material and its use is explicitly banned in the European Union (2000/63/EC decision). We developed an isotope ratio mass spectrometric (EA-IRMS) method to determine carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratio in cysteine preparations and related compounds, e.g. cystine and carbocysteine. A threshold relying on the 15N/14N was established to differentiate between hair and feathers; a value below 6.6‰ indicates a poultry feathers origin. Global uncertainty of measurement was found to be 0.1‰ for δ15N (sample size of 0.5-1.8 mg).
Keywords: Carbocysteine; Carbocysteine (PubChem CID: 1080); Cysteine; Cysteine (PubChem CID: 5862); Cystine; Cystine (PubChem CID: 67678); EA/IRMS; Origin determination; Validation.
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