N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) was discovered 4 decades ago. However, the functions of m6 A and the cellular machinery that regulates its changes have just been revealed in the last few years. m6 A is an abundant internal mRNA modification on cellular RNA and is implicated in diverse cellular functions. Recent works have demonstrated the presence of m6 A in the genomes of RNA viruses and transcripts of a DNA virus with either a proviral or antiviral role. Here, we first summarize what is known about the m6 A "writers," "erasers," "readers," and "antireaders" as well as the role of m6 A in mRNA metabolism. We then review how the replications of numerous viruses are enhanced and restricted by m6 A with emphasis on the oncogenic DNA virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), whose m6 A epitranscriptome was recently mapped. In the context of KSHV, m6 A and the reader protein YTHDF2 acts as an antiviral mechanism during viral lytic replication. During viral latency, KSHV alters m6 A on genes that are implicated in cellular transformation and viral latency. Lastly, we discuss future studies that are important to further delineate the functions of m6 A in KSHV latent and lytic replication and KSHV-induced oncogenesis.
Keywords: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, KSHV; N6-methyladenosine, m6A; Zika virus, ZIKA; hepatitis C virus, HCV; human immunodeficiency virus, HIV; influenza A virus, IAV.
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.