During the past years, air pollution created by humans has become a major problem increasing the public awareness. The incidence of allergic disease is high and continues to increase in populations of urban areas of Westernized countries throughout the world. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of air pollution on the development of allergic diseases. In the paper the effect of outdoor and indoor air pollution is described with potential and proven mechanisms of action on the development of allergic diseases.