The split-plot design was adopted in this experiment, with main treatments of grass cover and control and sub-treatments included four fertilization regimes: no fertilization, CK; manure, M; N,P and K fertilizer, NPK; and NPK fertilizer combined with manure, MNPK. Microplate fluorimetry was used to study the effects of grass cover combined with different fertilization regimes on the enzyme activities in apple orchard. The results showed that after mowing the grass (the residues were left on the soil surface as mulch), the soil water content, available P, nitrite nitrogen and the activities of βX, NAG, βG, CBH were increased compared to the control, with no significant differences for total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and AKP activity. For grass cover treatment, the total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and the activities of βX, NAG, βG, CBH, AKP were both improved before and after mowing the grass. However, the soil water content, available phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen of grass cover treatment were lower than that of the control before mowing the grass. Under grass cover condition, the total nitrogen, available P, and soil organic carbon of M and MNPK were higher than that of CK and NPK in both before and after mowing the grass periods, with the activities of βX, NAG, βG, CBH, AKP of MNPK higher than that of NPK. Under the control condition, the available P, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrite nitrogen, total nitrogen and the activities of βG, CBH, AKP of MNPK higher than that of CK and NPK before and after mowing the grass. Redundancy analysis showed that the activities of soil enzymes were significantly correlated with the soil nutrients, and could reflect the soil fertility. Thus, grass cover combined with MNPK significantly increased the soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities, and was an important practice to prevent the decrease of soil fertility and benefit the sustainability of local apple industry.
试验采取裂区设计,主处理分别为行间生草覆盖和清耕,副处理为4个施肥处理,具体为不施肥(CK)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷钾配合(NPK)、有机肥与氮磷钾肥配合(MNPK),采用微孔板荧光法研究生草覆盖条件下不同肥料配施对果园土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明: 生草刈割覆盖后土壤含水量、有效磷、硝态氮含量和β-1,4-木糖苷酶(βX)、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)活性均显著高于刈割前,土壤全氮、有机碳含量和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性在刈割前后差异均不显著.生草覆盖处理的土壤全氮、有机碳含量和土壤βX、NAG、βG、CBH、AKP活性在刈割前后均显著高于清耕处理,但土壤含水量、有效磷、硝态氮含量在刈割前则显著低于清耕处理.生草覆盖条件下,有机肥添加处理(M和MNPK处理)的土壤全氮、有效磷、有机碳含量在刈割前后均显著高于CK和NPK处理,其中MNPK处理的βX、βG、CBH、NAG、AKP等 5种酶活性在刈割后均显著高于NPK处理.清耕条件下,MNPK处理的土壤有效磷、有机碳、硝态氮、全氮含量和βG、CBH、AKP活性在刈割前后均显著高于CK和NPK处理.冗余分析结果表明,土壤酶活性与土壤养分因子之间存在显著相关关系,可以利用土壤酶活性来反映土壤肥力状况.综上所述,生草覆盖条件下,有机无机配施显著提高了土壤养分含量、增强了土壤酶活性,是改善当前果园土壤质量下降的重要措施,对当地苹果产业的可持续发展具有重要意义.
Keywords: microplate fluorimetric assay; redundancy analysis; soil enzyme activity; soil quality.