Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FLCOD) is a rare, extensive bone metabolism disorder, which occurs only in the jaw bone. It is usually asymptomatic for a long time and discovered incidentally during a radiological examination. The characteristics of FLCOD in the initial stages are similar to those of periapical granuloma or jaw cyst, which may lead to misdiagnosis. After the lesion is mature, the imaging findings show that radiopaque with a thin radiolucent peripheral halo, which is crucial for the diagnosis of FLCOD, but other jaw lesions have similar imaging findings. Due to the poor blood supply of the lesion, the alveolar bone of root apices of vital teeth is slow to heal after trauma, increasing the chance of infection, which can lead to the osteomyelitis of the jaws and emerge sequestrum. This paper reviews the aspects of pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment.
繁茂性牙骨质结构不良是一种罕见的、仅发生在颌骨内的范围广泛的骨代谢异常疾病。常无症状，因拍摄口腔体层X线片时发现，病程开始阶段呈透射影像，常与根尖周肉芽肿、颌骨囊肿相似，易被误诊。病变组织成熟后，影像学上表现为阻射影周围有一透射性边缘。由于病变组织血供条件较差，根尖区牙槽骨受到创伤后愈合缓慢，增加感染概率，易导致颌骨骨髓炎、形成死骨，后续治疗复杂、预后不佳，因此正确的诊断对其预后起着关键性作用，本文就繁茂性牙骨质结构不良的发病机制、临床特点、诊断要点、鉴别诊断及治疗方法做一综述。.
Keywords: Dental cementum; Diagnosis, differential; Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia; Metabolic diseases.