Discrimination and prediction of the origin of Chinese and Korean soybeans using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) with multivariate statistical analysis

PLoS One. 2018 Apr 24;13(4):e0196315. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196315. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

The ability to determine the origin of soybeans is an important issue following the inclusion of this information in the labeling of agricultural food products becoming mandatory in South Korea in 2017. This study was carried out to construct a prediction model for discriminating Chinese and Korean soybeans using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. The optimal prediction models for discriminating soybean samples were obtained by selecting appropriate scaling methods, normalization methods, variable influence on projection (VIP) cutoff values, and wave-number regions. The factors for constructing the optimal partial-least-squares regression (PLSR) prediction model were using second derivatives, vector normalization, unit variance scaling, and the 4000-400 cm-1 region (excluding water vapor and carbon dioxide). The PLSR model for discriminating Chinese and Korean soybean samples had the best predictability when a VIP cutoff value was not applied. When Chinese soybean samples were identified, a PLSR model that has the lowest root-mean-square error of the prediction value was obtained using a VIP cutoff value of 1.5. The optimal PLSR prediction model for discriminating Korean soybean samples was also obtained using a VIP cutoff value of 1.5. This is the first study that has combined FT-IR spectroscopy with normalization methods, VIP cutoff values, and selected wave-number regions for discriminating Chinese and Korean soybeans.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • China
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Fourier Analysis
  • Genetic Speciation*
  • Glycine max / chemistry*
  • Glycine max / classification*
  • Glycine max / genetics
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Republic of Korea
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(IPET) through Advanced Production Technology Development Program funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (316081-04 awarded to HKC). This work was also funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1A5A1008958 awarded to HKC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.