Spontaneous epidural hematoma secondary to bone infarction in sickle cell anemia: case report

J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 Jul;22(1):18-21. doi: 10.3171/2018.1.PEDS17407. Epub 2018 Apr 20.

Abstract

Spontaneous epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rare occurrence in patients with sickle cell disease, with a small number of cases reported. Appropriate diagnosis is critical, because rapid neurosurgical intervention may be required. This unique case illustrates clinical and MRI features of an 18-year-old woman presenting with a headache and subsequent progression to severe focal neurological symptoms. Imaging demonstrated a large EDH of mixed signal characteristics and underlying calvarial infarction, requiring emergency decompression and evacuation. A second companion case is also presented. The authors discuss proposed pathophysiology of the formation of EDHs in sickle cell anemia.

Keywords: EDH = epidural hematoma; bone infarction; epidural hematoma; sickle cell anemia; trauma.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anemia, Sickle Cell / complications*
  • Anemia, Sickle Cell / diagnostic imaging
  • Anemia, Sickle Cell / surgery
  • Bone and Bones / blood supply*
  • Bone and Bones / diagnostic imaging
  • Female
  • Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / diagnostic imaging
  • Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / etiology*
  • Humans
  • Infarction / diagnostic imaging
  • Infarction / etiology*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging