The prevalence of kidney disease was increasing,which has become an important threaten to the health of the population.Hydrogen sulfide is the third gas signaling molecules after CO and NO.It has toxic effect at high concentration,but plays an important role in relaxing blood vessel ,antioxidation anti -inflammation and anti-apoptosis at physiological concentration.Kidney disease,especially seconda-ry kidney disease such as obstructive nephropathy,renal transplantation,diabetic nephropathy and hyper-tensive kidney lesion are closely related to vascular leision,oxidative stress and inflammation.Then what's the relationship between hydrogen sulfide and kidney disease?This article will review the relationship between hydrogen sulfide and kidney disease.