Scaffold hopping from (5-hydroxymethyl) isophthalates to multisubstituted pyrimidines diminishes binding affinity to the C1 domain of protein kinase C

PLoS One. 2018 Apr 11;13(4):e0195668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195668. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, making them extensively studied and highly attractive drug targets. Utilizing the crystal structure of the PKCδ C1B domain, we have developed hydrophobic isophthalic acid derivatives that modify PKC functions by binding to the C1 domain of the enzyme. In the present study, we aimed to improve the drug-like properties of the isophthalic acid derivatives by increasing their solubility and enhancing the binding affinity. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a series of multisubstituted pyrimidines as analogs of C1 domain-targeted isophthalates and characterize their binding affinities to the PKCα isoform. In contrast to our computational predictions, the scaffold hopping from phenyl to pyrimidine core diminished the binding affinity. Although the novel pyrimidines did not establish improved binding affinity for PKCα compared to our previous isophthalic acid derivatives, the present results provide useful structure-activity relationship data for further development of ligands targeted to the C1 domain of PKC.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Drug Design
  • Models, Molecular
  • Phthalic Acids / chemistry*
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Domains
  • Protein Kinase C / chemistry*
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism*
  • Pyrimidines / chemistry*
  • Pyrimidines / metabolism*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Phthalic Acids
  • Pyrimidines
  • Protein Kinase C

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Finnish Cultural Foundation, RP, www.skr.fi; Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, RP, https://www.magnusehrnroothinsaatio.fi/; Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, RKT, 4703673, http://jaes.fi/; Academy of Finland, GBG, 305533, www.aka.fi; and Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, VT, http://www.sydantutkimussaatio.fi.