Purpose: Clinically available intravenous (IV) nitric oxide (NO) donor drugs such as nitroglycerin (GTN) cause systemic hypotension and/or tolerance development. In a porcine model, novel NO donor compounds - the organic mononitrites of 1,2-propanediol (PDNO) - were compared to GTN with regard to pulmonary selectivity and tolerance development. The vasodilatory effects of inorganic nitrite were investigated.
Materials and methods: In anesthetized piglets, central hemodynamics were monitored. At normal pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), IV infusions of PDNO (15-60 nmol kg-1 min-1), GTN (13-132 nmol kg-1 min-1), and inorganic nitrite (dosed as PDNO) were administered. At increased PVR (by U46619 IV), IV infusions of PDNO (60-240 nmol kg-1 min-1) and GTN (75-300 nmol kg-1 min-1) before and after a 5 h infusion of GTN (45 nmol kg-1 min-1) were given.
Results: At normal PVR, PDNO (n=12) and GTN (n=7) caused significant dose-dependent decreases in mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, whereas inorganic nitrite (n=13) had no significant effect. At increased PVR, PDNO (n=6) and GTN (n=6) significantly decreased mean systemic and pulmonary pressures and resistances, but only PDNO reduced the ratio between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances significantly. After the 5 h GTN infusion, the hemodynamic response to GTN infusions (n=6) was significantly suppressed, whereas PDNO (n=6) produced similar hemodynamic effects to those observed before the GTN infusion.
Conclusion: PDNO is a vasodilator with selectivity for pulmonary circulation exhibiting no cross-tolerance to GTN, but GTN causes non selective vasodilatation with substantial tolerance development in the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Inorganic nitrite has no vasodilatory properties at relevant doses.
Keywords: PDNO; nitrates; nitric oxide donors; nitrites; tachyphylaxis.