Histology, Kupffer Cell

Excerpt

Kupffer cells (also known as stellate sinusoidal macrophages or Kupffer-Browicz cells) are macrophages found in the sinusoids of the liver. Kupffer cells make up 80% to 90% of all the macrophages in the entire human body. They are a component of the host immune system and are involved in the metabolism of various compounds. Once thought to be related to endothelial cells, it is now known that the Kupffer cells descend from their own macrophage lineage, derived from the yolk sac rather than hematopoietic stem cells.

Differentiation of Kupffer cells is regulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSFs) found in the serum and liver, as well as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSFs). Kupffer cells can be found in both the centrilobular and periportal regions of the liver, but they are typically more concentrated in the periportal regions. However, the cells in the two regions can differ in certain enzymes, receptors, and subcellular structures.