Lipid composition in the reproductive and somatic tissues were investigated for female albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga, in the western Indian Ocean, between latitude 18-21°S and longitude 56-60°E, from January 2014 to March 2015. Highest total lipids (TL) were found in the gonads of spawning-capable females (SCP) (mainly phospholipids, PL, triacylglycerols, TAG and wax esters, WE) and in the liver of females in the late regressing and regenerating ovary phases (mainly TAG, PL and sterols, ST). Muscle TL was low but exhibited high inter-individual variability. Correlations between gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices with TL and the lipid classes in albacore gonads and liver describes a pattern of reallocation of energy from the liver to the gonads during SCP. Female albacore were also observed to pursue foraging activities even during this period. Therefore, female albacore can be considered as a capital-income breeder relying mostly on stored lipids before the onset of reproduction and to a lesser extent on energy derived from concurrent feeding during the spawning season. Overall, the three examined tissues had similar general fatty acid profiles with the dominance of 22:6ω3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1ω9. The proportions of fatty acids varied with maturity stage and ovary lobe, with the smaller lobe having significantly higher proportions of essential fatty acids, as well as 16:0 and 18:1n9, compared to the larger one. Our results provide new information on the life-history and energy allocation strategy of albacore which will assist fisheries managers.