Gorjanc, Jurij, Shawnda A. Morrison, Rok Blagus, and Igor B. Mekjavic. Cold susceptibility of digit stumps resulting from amputation after freezing cold injury in elite alpinists. High Alt Med Biol. 19:185-192, 2018.
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess whether previous freezing cold injury in fingers and/or toes might predispose alpinists to greater risk of further freezing cold injury, primarily due to a greater vasoconstrictor response to cold, resulting in a lower perfusion, reflected in lower skin temperature.
Methods: Ten elite alpinists (N = 10; 8 male and 2 female) with amputations after freezing cold injury participated in a cold-water (8°C) immersion stress test of the hands and feet. Digit skin temperatures of amputated digits, their noninjured counterparts, noninjured digits of the affected side and noninjured digits of the corresponding side were measured. The skin temperatures were compared during three consecutive phases of the cold stress test: prewarming, cold water immersion, and passive heating.
Results: Amputated toes cooled much faster compared to their uninjured counterparts (n = 26, p < 0.001), and attained lower skin temperatures during the cold exposure test (n = 26, p < 0.001). Higher cooling rate was observed in all the toes on the injured limb compared with the toes on the uninjured limb (n = 40, p < 0.001). In contrast to the toes, the fingers on the injured limb after freezing cold injury were warmer during cooling phase compared to uninjured fingers (n = 15, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The lower digit temperatures observed in affected toe stumps during the cold stress test compared to the nonamputated toes may indicate a heightened risk of future freezing cold injury with subsequent cold exposures, as a consequence of less perfusion, reflected in the lower skin temperature. This relationship was not confirmed in the fingers.
Keywords: amputations; freezing cold injury; frostbite; frostbite risk; nonfreezing cold injury; stumps.