Biofilms are microbial communities composed of bacteria cells and self-produced extracellular polymeric substances and lead to antibiotic resistance, forming a great threat in the fields of medicine, food industries and so on. The formation of biofilms is a multi-stage dynamic process regulated by multiple mechanisms. Recently, researchers paid much more attention to the related research areas of biofilms, especially the detection methods of biofilms. This paper introduced the characteristics and formation process of biofilms as well as the effects of quorum sensing on biofilms development. Meanwhile, we discussed the detection methods of biofilms, especially electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in detection of biofilms in detail. Furthermore, we reviewed and predicted that microfluidic chips based EIS served as an in-situ and online monitoring method for biofilms growth.
生物被膜是细菌及其自身分泌的胞外聚合物组成的微生物群落，其形成是受多种机制共同调控的多阶段动态过程，具有较强的耐药性且难以清除，给医疗、食品等行业带来了巨大的威胁。近年来，生物被膜的相关研究领域备受关注，尤其是针对生物被膜的有效检测技术。本文在简要介绍生物被膜的特点、形成过程及群感效应对生物被膜的调控作用基础之上，总结了生物被膜常用的检测方法，重点针对电化学阻抗技术在生物被膜检测中的应用进行调研和讨论，并对基于微流控芯片的生物被膜电化学阻抗原位检测进行了综述和展望。.
Keywords: bacteria; biofilm; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; microfluidic chip; quorum sensing.