Long-term complications after facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas.
Objective: To review and summarize the existing evidence for long-term anatomical and functional complications after pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas.
Data sources: The MEDLINE database and the bibliographies of relevant studies were selected, analysed and appraised prior to December 2015.
Methods: With regard to the search strategy, the selected items were: ((long-term complications) AND pharyngeal) AND laryngeal) AND tracheal) AND traumas. Abstracts and titles were screened for relevance, while full articles of the se- lected records were evaluated and critically appraised after inclusion. Data concerning life-threatening situations, as well as long-term severe adverse effects were collected.