The Andes is considered the longest continental mountain range in the world. It covers 7000km long and about 200-700km wide and an average height of about 4000m. Very unique plant species are endemic of this area including fruits (e.g., lucuma, cherimoya, sweet pepino, sauco), roots and tubers (potatoes, sweet potatoes, yacón, chicuru, mashua, olluco, etc.), and seeds (quinoa, amaranth, tarwi, etc.). These crops have been used for centuries by the native population and relatively recently have gained the world attention due to the wide range of nutrients and/or phytochemicals they possess. In this chapter, main Andean fruits, seeds, and roots and tubers have been selected and detailed nutritional and functional information is provided. In addition, traditional and current uses are provided and their bioactive potential is reported based on published scientific literature.
Keywords: Amaranthus caudatus L.; Andes; Annona cherimola; Bioactives; Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen; Chenopodium quinoa Willd.; Lepidium meyenii Walp.; Lupinus mutabilis Sweet; Oxalis tuberosa Molina; Physalis peruviana; Pouteria lucuma; Smallanthus sonchifolius; Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz & Pavón; Ullucus tuberosus Caldas.
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