Occurrence of thalamic high frequency oscillations in patients with different tremor syndromes

Abstract

Objective: To assess whether high frequency oscillations (HFOs, >150 Hz), known to occur in basal ganglia nuclei, can be observed in the thalamus.

Methods: We recorded intraoperative local field potentials from the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus in patients with Essential Tremor (N = 16), Parkinsonian Tremor (3), Holmes Tremor (2) and Dystonic Tremor (1) during implantation of electrodes for deep brain stimulation. Recordings were performed with up to five micro/macro-electrodes that were simultaneously advanced to the stereotactic target.

Results: Thalamic HFOs occurred in all investigated tremor syndromes. A detailed analysis of the Essential Tremor subgroup revealed that medial channels recorded HFOs more frequently than other channels. The highest peaks were observed 4 mm above target. Macro- but not microelectrode recordings were dominated by peaks in the slow HFO band (150-300 Hz), which were stable across several depths and channels.

Conclusion: HFOs occur in the thalamus and are not specific to any of the tremors investigated. Their spatial distribution is not homogeneous, and their appearance depends on the type of electrode used for recording.

Significance: The occurrence of HFOs in the thalamus of tremor patients indicates that HFOs are not part of basal ganglia pathophysiology.

Keywords: Deep brain stimulation; High frequency oscillations; Local field potentials; Neuronal oscillations; Thalamus; Tremor.