Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of and factors associated with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in patients undergoing cataract phacoemulsification.
Methods: In total, 319 eyes of 319 patients who underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) into the posterior chamber were included in this study. Direct injection of epinephrine into the anterior chamber was performed in all cases. The following patient information was collected: gender, age, axial length of the eye, presence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current use of medications including alpha1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha1-ARAs), finasteride, and benzodiazepines, duration of intake of alpha1-ARAs and finasteride, and duration of the surgery. Patients were classified as IFIS or non-IFIS after the surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results: The overall incidence of IFIS was 9.09% (29/319 eyes). The multivariate analysis revealed that tamsulosin use (P = 0.004), finasteride use (P = 0.014), and increasing age (P = 0.006) were significantly associated with IFIS. Male gender and benzodiazepine use were significantly associated with IFIS in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. The non-selective alpha1-ARA doxazosin was not found to be associated with IFIS.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that finasteride use and aging are risk factors for IFIS and confirm the association of tamsulosin use with IFIS. Further, doxazosin appears to be a relatively safe drug with respect to the occurrence of IFIS.
Keywords: Finasteride; Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome; Phacoemulsification; Tamsulosin.