Molecular Aspects and Clinical Relevance of GDF9 and BMP15 in Ovarian Function

Vitam Horm. 2018:107:317-348. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.12.003.

Abstract

Growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-secreted factors with a leading role in the control of ovarian function in female reproduction, modulating both the cell fate of the somatic granulosa cells and the quality and developmental competence of the egg. This short review aims to consolidate the molecular aspects of GDF9 and BMP15 and their integral actions in female fertility to understand particularly their effects on oocyte quality and fetal growth. The significant consequences of mutations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in women with dizygotic twins as well as the clinical relevance of these oocyte factors in the pathogenesis of primary ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome are also addressed.

Keywords: BMP15; Dizygotic twin; Female reproduction; Folliculogenesis; GDF9; Oocyte; Ovary; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Primary ovarian insufficiency; TGF-β superfamily.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 / chemistry
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 / metabolism*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Granulosa Cells / cytology
  • Granulosa Cells / metabolism
  • Granulosa Cells / pathology
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 9 / chemistry
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 9 / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Menstrual Cycle / metabolism*
  • Mutation
  • Oocytes / cytology
  • Oocytes / metabolism*
  • Oocytes / pathology
  • Oogenesis*
  • Ovary / cytology
  • Ovary / pathology
  • Ovary / physiology*
  • Ovary / physiopathology
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / genetics
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / metabolism
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / pathology
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy, Twin / genetics
  • Pregnancy, Twin / metabolism
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / genetics
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / metabolism
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / pathology
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / physiopathology
  • Protein Conformation
  • Species Specificity
  • Twins, Dizygotic

Substances

  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 9