How to precisely measure the volume velocity transfer function of physical vocal tract models by external excitation

PLoS One. 2018 Mar 15;13(3):e0193708. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193708. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Recently, 3D printing has been increasingly used to create physical models of the vocal tract with geometries obtained from magnetic resonance imaging. These printed models allow measuring the vocal tract transfer function, which is not reliably possible in vivo for the vocal tract of living humans. The transfer functions enable the detailed examination of the acoustic effects of specific articulatory strategies in speaking and singing, and the validation of acoustic plane-wave models for realistic vocal tract geometries in articulatory speech synthesis. To measure the acoustic transfer function of 3D-printed models, two techniques have been described: (1) excitation of the models with a broadband sound source at the glottis and measurement of the sound pressure radiated from the lips, and (2) excitation of the models with an external source in front of the lips and measurement of the sound pressure inside the models at the glottal end. The former method is more frequently used and more intuitive due to its similarity to speech production. However, the latter method avoids the intricate problem of constructing a suitable broadband glottal source and is therefore more effective. It has been shown to yield a transfer function similar, but not exactly equal to the volume velocity transfer function between the glottis and the lips, which is usually used to characterize vocal tract acoustics. Here, we revisit this method and show both, theoretically and experimentally, how it can be extended to yield the precise volume velocity transfer function of the vocal tract.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Finite Element Analysis
  • Humans
  • Models, Biological*
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Speech Acoustics
  • Speech Production Measurement
  • Vocal Cords / anatomy & histology*
  • Vocal Cords / physiology*

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the German Research Foundation and the Open Access Publication Funds of the SLUB/TU Dresden. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.