Purpose of review: The intestinal microbiome is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are many shared clinical manifestations between IBD and spondyloarthritis (SpA), of which the most common are peripheral arthritis and uveitis. Clinical overlap along with similar genetics between these diseases suggests a possible shared pathogenetic mechanism, which might center on the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we discuss the available evidence that SpA is a microbiome-driven disease and indicate how SpA-associated uveitis could be tied to gut dysbiosis. We conclude by discussing different treatment paradigms targeting the intestinal microbiome for SpA.
Recent findings: Recent studies support the growing evidence of the intestinal microbiome as a crucial player in SpA disease pathogenesis. There is emerging evidence that the gut microbiome may play a causative role in uveitis.
Summary: The field is beginning to discover a new level of understanding how the intestinal microbiome is involved in SpA. Treatment methods to alter intestinal microbiota to treat SpA-related diseases are still in its infancy.