Fever in neutropenia (FN) is the most frequent potentially life threatening complication of chemotherapy for cancer. Prediction of the risk to develop FN during chemotherapy would allow for targeted prophylaxis. This retrospective, single centre cohort study in pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer before 17 years covered two decades, 1993 to 2012. The 583 (73%) of 800 patients diagnosed with cancer who had received chemotherapy were studied here. Data on 2113 observation periods was collected, defined by stable combinations of 11 predefined characteristics potentially associated with FN. They covered 692 years of cumulative chemotherapy exposure time, during which 712 FN episodes were diagnosed, 154 (22%) of them with bacteremia. The risk to develop FN and FN with bacteremia remained stable over time. These data can mainly be used to study FN risks over time and between centers, and to derive or externally validate FN risk prediction rules.