Background: Carotid artery plaque is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Besides the presence of plaque, plaque characteristics is also related to the severity of CAD. So the characteristic difference of carotid plaque may affect this assessment role. However, it is unclear whether the maximum carotid plaque area can reflect the extents and severity of CAD.
Methods: We enrolled 388 consecutive CAD patients and 45 controls, and 204 patients were studied after excluding 184 patients without carotid plaque or coronary angiogram. Carotid intima media thickness and carotid plaque were measured by carotid ultrasound. Coronary angiography was applied and Gensini score was calculated. Blood lipid and other parameters were also detected.
Results: The total and right maximum carotid plaque area were greater in high Gensini Score group than those in low and moderate score groups (both P<0.05) and multivessel disease patients possessed the highest maximum plaque area. The total and right maximum carotid plaque area were also higher in collateral circulation group than those in non-collateral group (P=0.036 and 0.002 respectively). Multivariate logistic regression showed that Gensini score (OR=2.458, 95% CI=1.111 to 5.439, P=0.027) was associated with increased total maximum carotid plaque area. The optimal cut-off value for predicting the severity of CAD was 46.75 mm2 for total maximum plaque area.
Conclusions: The maximum carotid plaque area can reflect the clinical severity of CAD, and it can be used as a simple noninvasive indicator of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.