Application of proteomics has made a profound impact on the cyanobacterial research. It has not only provided a global identification of expressed proteins in cyanobacterial cells, but has also brought valuable insights into dynamics of cell responses to environmental challenges, regulation mechanisms, structure of protein complexes, compartmentalization, and other important biological questions. In this review, we highlight current trends in proteomics of cyanobacteria and bring to focus rising techniques which have a huge potential in expanding our knowledge about cyanobacterial proteins and in developing cyanobacteria-based biotechnological applications.
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