Aims: To explore the association between hypoglycemia severity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity, health care resource utilization (HCRU), and costs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: Data were from the 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey. This analysis included adults with treated T2DM. Participants were categorized based upon their self-reported experience in the previous 3 months: no hypoglycemia, non-severe hypoglycemia, or severe hypoglycemia. Validated instruments were used to measure HRQoL and productivity; HCRU was based on participant-reported health care provider (HCP) and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Multivariable models tested for trends across the severity groups.
Results: The analysis included 3630 participants-1729 (47.6%) with non-severe hypoglycemia and 172 (4.7%) with severe hypoglycemia. Mental and physical component scores and utility scores were significantly associated with hypoglycemia severity (P < 0.001 for each). Similar trends were observed for absenteeism (P < 0.001), presenteeism (P = 0.005), HCP and ED visits (P ≤ 0.002), and hospitalizations (P < 0.001). Annual HCRU costs associated with increasingly severe hypoglycemia were $6908, $7132, and $15,410, respectively (P < 0.001), and productivity costs were $7248, $7493, and $12,167, respectively (P = 0.008).
Conclusion: Hypoglycemia severity appears to be related to reduced HRQoL and productivity, which are mirrored by increased direct and indirect costs.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Employment; Health care costs; Health resources; Hypoglycemia; Quality of life.
Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.