Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and the development of arterial restenosis 6 months after femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with covered stent implantation.
Methods: We recruited 27 patients of a tertiary hospital in Brazil who were treated with covered stents for atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. Serum samples were collected before stent implantation, then 24 hr later, and 6 months after the procedure.
Results: At 6-month follow-up, 4 patients (15%) presented restenosis. IL1- β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels showed a statistically significant reduction after both 24 hr and 6 months compared with pretreatment levels (P < 0.01). There were increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β both 24 hr and 6 months after PTA and stenting compared with pretreatment levels (P < 0.01). None of the cytokines studied were correlated with restenosis.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant increase in anti-inflammatory TGF-β and IL-10 and a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α 6 months after the procedure, but no inflammatory marker was independently identified as a risk factor for in-stent restenosis.
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