Objective: To analyze the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation in schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014.
Methods: From 2009 to 2014, 207 schistosomiasis endemic villages from 13 cities were selected as the surveillance sites in Hubei Province, where the surveillance of snail situation was performed, and the data about the indexes of snail situation during the 6 years were collected and analyzed statistically.
Results: From 2009 to 2014, totally 80 963.47 hm2 of snail areas were investigated, and 45 309.77 hm2 of area with snails as well as 364.93 hm2 of area with infected snails were found out, and 1 646 125 snails were captured. In the 207 surveillance sites, the density of living snails was reduced from 0.493 3 snail/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0.339 3 snail/0.1 m2 in 2014, with a decline rate of 31.22%; the density of infected snails was reduced from 0.000 7 snail/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0 in 2014; the infection rate of snails was reduced from 0.14% in 2009 to 0 in 2014. The infection rates of snails in the third-rank villages, endemic areas in inner embankment, ditch environment and weed environment were relatively higher.
Conclusions: The snail situation of Hubei Province has been declined steadily. However, the environment of snail breeding has not been changed completely. In order to consolidate the control achievements further, the measures including mollusciciding and snail control projects should be strengthened.
［摘要］目的 分析2009–2014年湖北省血吸虫病监测点螺情变化趋势, 为科学制定防治策略和措施提供依据。方 法 2009–2014年, 在全省13个地市共设立207个监测点 (行政村), 并开展螺情监测工作, 对6年来各项螺情监测指标进 行统计分析。结果2009–2014 年累计调查钉螺面积80 963.47 hm2, 查出有螺面积45 309.77 hm2, 感染性钉螺面积 364.93 hm2; 共捕获活螺1 646 125只。监测点活螺平均密度由2009年0.493 3只/0.1 m2 下降到2014年0.339 3只/0.1 m2, 降幅为31.22%; 感染螺密度由2009年0.000 7只/0.1m2 下降至0, 降幅为100%; 钉螺感染率由2009年0.14%下降至0。不 同疫情类别和流行类型中, 三类村和垸内型流行区钉螺感染率最高; 不同环境类型和植被类型中, 沟渠和杂草环境钉螺 感染率最高。结论 湖北省螺情稳步下降, 但全省钉螺孳生环境未得到根本改变, 需加大药物灭螺和工程灭螺力度, 以 巩固血防成果。.
Keywords: Hubei Province; Oncomelania hupensis; Schistosomiasis; Snail situation; Surveillance.