Toxic exposure to caustics and respiratory irritants. Toxic emergencies for which the ENT physician is con- sulted mainly involve toxic exposure of the upper airway and digestive tract to caustics and respiratory irritants. The ENT physician may, however, also be involved as a first responder in the case of poisoned patients. This article therefore aims to provide a comprehensive general approach to patients with suspected poisoning and to present a more elaborate discussion on the diagnosis and management of patients following exposure to caustics and respiratory irritants. This survey, however, does not intend to be a substitute for the need for consultation with an emergency physician and a clinical toxicologist qualified in the diagnosis and treatment of poisoned patients.