Association between Oxidative Stress, Genetic Factors, and Clinical Severity in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the associations between several sickle cell disease genetic modifiers (beta-globin haplotypes, alpha-thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) and the level of oxidative stress and to evaluate the association between oxidative stress and the rates of vaso-occlusive events.

Study design: Steady-state oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, biological variables, genetic modulators, and vaso-occlusive crisis events requiring emergency admissions were measured during a 2-year period in 62 children with sickle cell anemia (58 SS and 4 Sβ⁰). Twelve ethnic-matched children without sickle cell anemia also participated as healthy controls (AA) for oxidative and nitrosative stress level measurement.

Results: Oxidative and nitrosative stress were greater in patients with sickle cell anemia compared with control patients, but the rate of vaso-occlusive crisis events in sickle cell anemia was not associated with the level of oxidative stress. The presence of alpha-thalassemia, but not glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or beta-globin haplotype, modulated the level of oxidative stress in children with sickle cell anemia.

Conclusion: Mild hemolysis in children with alpha-thalassemia may limit oxidative stress and could explain the protective role of alpha-thalassemia in hemolysis-related sickle cell complications.

Keywords: alpha thalassemia; oxidative stress; sickle cell disease.