Acquired resistance to chemotherapy plays a critical role in human drug treatment failure in many tumor types. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to Adriamycin (ADM) also limits the efficacy of therapy in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The overexpression of drug efflux transporters is one mechanism uderlying MDR. In particular, the consistent activation of MDR1 and MDR‑associated protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in drug resistance. In the present study, ADM‑resistant human CML K562/ADM cells were stably transfected with a Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2)‑targeted vector. A CCK‑8 assay showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADM and the cell proliferation were lower in the transfected cells compared with that in the parental K562/ADM cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1 and MRP1 were determined by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR), RT‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The results showed that the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 was significantly reduced in K562/ADM cells transfected with pGPU6/GFP/Neo‑TRIB2. Due to the downregulation of MDR1 and MRP1, the intracellular accumulation of ADM was increased in the transfected cells compared with that in the parental K562/ADM cells. Therefore, the sensitivity of the K562/ADM cells to ADM was enhanced and proliferation was inhibited. Our research revealed that protein expression of the ERK signaling pathway was inhibited by downregulating TRIB2, indicating that the ERK pathway was involved in cell drug resistance and proliferation. Furthermore, we used the ERK‑specific blocker U0126 to demonstrate this phenomenon. In summary, our research suggested that knockdown of TRIB2 could slow cell growth and reverse resistance, implying that TRIB2 is a potential therapy target for resistant human CML.