Abstract
This review summarizes the cardiovascular non-inferiority trials of novel antidiabetic drugs performed since 2008, when regulatory agencies started mandating thorough examination of their cardiovascular safety. So far, eight randomized trials on three different drug classes have been completed. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may reduce cardiovascular risk and possibly mortality, while dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors may increase the risk of heart failure. A brief discussion of potential mechanisms and clinical implications is provided.
MeSH terms
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Cardiotoxicity / etiology
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Cardiotoxicity / mortality
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Cardiovascular Diseases* / chemically induced
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Cardiovascular Diseases* / mortality
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Cardiovascular Diseases* / prevention & control
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy
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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / agonists
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Heart Failure / chemically induced
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Heart Failure / mortality
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Heart Failure / prevention & control
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents* / adverse effects
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Hypoglycemic Agents* / pharmacokinetics
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Hypoglycemic Agents* / therapeutic use
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Myocardial Infarction / chemically induced
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Myocardial Infarction / mortality
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Myocardial Infarction / prevention & control
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Risk Factors
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Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
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Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Stroke / chemically induced
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Stroke / mortality
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Stroke / prevention & control
Substances
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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors