Fungal polyketides display complex structures and variously biological activities. Their biosynthetic pathways generally contain novel enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This review provides a summary of recent research advances in molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of fungal polyketides including highly-reducing polyketide synthases (HR-PKSs), non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs), as well as polyketide-nonribosomal peptide synthase (PKS-NRPSs) and reducingnon- reducing polyketide synthase (HR-NR PKSs) hybrids. The elucidation of biosynthetic mechanism of many fungal polyketides provides guidance on the discovery of new biosynthetic gene cluster of fungal polyketide natural products and compounds with novel structures as well as their analogue.
具有广泛生物活性的真菌聚酮化合物因具有复杂的化学结构，其生物合成途径一般包含多样且新颖的酶催化反应。文中主要综述了2013−2016 年来源于还原性聚酮合成酶 (HR-PKSs)、非还原性聚酮合成酶 (NR-PKSs)、聚酮-非核糖体多肽合成酶 (PKS-NRPSs) 和还原性-非还原性聚酮合成酶 (HR-NR PKSs) 杂合型等四大类型的真菌聚酮类化合物的生物合成研究进展。众多真菌聚酮类化合物生物机理的阐明，为未来新型真菌聚酮类天然产物生物合成基因簇的挖掘、新结构化合物的发现及其类似物的研究提供了方向和理论基础。.
Keywords: biosynthesis; enzymatic catalysis; fungal polyketide; gene cluster; natural products.