Metabolite profiling, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of germinated rice: nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based metabolomics study

J Food Drug Anal. 2018 Jan;26(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.023. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

Abstract

In an attempt to profile the metabolites of three different varieties of germinated rice, specifically black (GBR), red, and white rice, a 1H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based metabolomics approach was conducted. Multivariate data analysis was applied to discriminate between the three different varieties using a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The PLS model was used to evaluate the relationship between chemicals and biological activities of germinated rice. The PLS-DA score plot exhibited a noticeable separation between the three rice varieties into three clusters by PC1 and PC2. The PLS model indicated that α-linolenic acid, γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric acid, fatty acids, threonine, tryptophan, and vanillic acid were significantly correlated with the higher bioactivities demonstrated by GBR that was extracted in 100% ethanol. Subsequently, the proposed biosynthetic pathway analysis revealed that the increased quantities of secondary metabolites found in GBR may contribute to its nutritional value and health benefits.

Keywords: germinated rice extract; metabolic pathway; metabolite profiling; multivariate data analysis; rice variety.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants* / chemistry
  • Antioxidants* / metabolism
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Germination
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Metabolic Networks and Pathways
  • Metabolome*
  • Metabolomics* / methods
  • Oryza / chemistry*
  • Oryza / growth & development
  • Oryza / metabolism

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors

Grants and funding

This research was financially supported by the joint funding between the Thailand Research Fund and Neresuan University through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0163/2554) to Mr. Phaiwan Pramai and Associate Professor Dr. Sudarat Jiamyangyuen. The additional financial assistance from Naresuan University is acknowledged.